Addiction Medication Retention Remained Low for Youth
Most young people diagnosed with opioid use disorder do not stay on recommended medication for long-term care.
Updated on Oct. 2, 2026 in Substance Abuse
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A recent study found that while more young people are starting treatment for opioid use disorder, very few maintain medication-assisted care for six months. These findings highlight a critical gap in support for individuals aged 13 to 25 during a period of rising overdose risks.
Why it matters
Low retention rates reflect a disconnect between diagnosis and sustained, accessible treatment options. This shortfall is particularly concerning as overdose deaths have become the third-leading cause of death for youth 19 and under in the United States.
A study of Medicaid claims from 2016 to 2023 examined care patterns among nearly 230,000 youth diagnosed with opioid use disorder. While half initiated treatment, only 1 in 6 received medication, and just 1 in 32 remained on therapy for the six-month duration.
The players
American Academy of Pediatrics
A professional organization that establishes clinical policies and guidelines for the health and well-being of children and adolescents.
Boston Medical Center
A clinical and research institution that provides specialized addiction treatment services and contributes to ongoing medical literature.
The details
Treatment retention faces significant hurdles, including federal mandates that require minors to have two documented failed recovery attempts before receiving methadone. Additionally, many residential facilities for adolescents do not provide buprenorphine, and families often express apprehension regarding the long-term commitment of these medications. Patient attrition is further complicated by a lack of clinical environments that feel safe, compassionate, and appealing to young people.
Timeline
2016: The American Academy of Pediatrics issued a policy on addiction medication.
2016-2023: The period for the Medicaid data analysis study.
2019: Overdose deaths among young people began to skyrocket.
September 2026: Recent overdose deaths were reported in Massachusetts.
October 2, 2026: The study was published in JAMA Network Open.
Health Landscape
This study evaluates current treatment patterns against the objectives set by the American Academy of Pediatrics addiction medication policy. It underscores that despite a modest increase in initiation, the medical system has yet to overcome the systemic barriers preventing sustained youth recovery.
If you are caring for a young person with an opioid use disorder, it is essential to discuss all available medication-assisted treatment options and their specific requirements with a physician. Understanding why a treatment plan may be discontinued is vital for maintaining consistent, supportive care.
The takeaway
The primary barrier to successful addiction treatment for youth is the high rate of early discontinuation rather than a lack of initial diagnosis. Parents and caregivers should focus on finding compassionate, long-term clinical support that specifically addresses the needs of adolescent patients.
Further reading
For more information on navigating treatment challenges, visit the Substance Abuse section.
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