Sex-Biased Cell States Found in Mouse Atherosclerosis
Researchers identified distinct endothelial cell behaviors that may influence how vascular plaques form in males and females.
Updated on Oct. 26, 2026 in Diseases — General
Researchers have identified distinct, sex-biased populations of endothelial cells within the aortae of mice prone to atherosclerosis. These findings clarify how sex-specific cellular transitions contribute to vascular plaque formation in a preclinical model.
Why it matters
Understanding how vascular cells behave differently based on sex helps scientists better map the progression of cardiovascular disease. This study highlights how genetic and biological differences influence the cellular environment within the aorta.
In a preclinical study using Apoe-/- mouse models, researchers identified nine sex-biased endothelial cell subpopulations within atherosclerotic aortae via single-nucleus RNA sequencing. The results demonstrate that roughly one quarter of these cells undergo state transitions into other lineages.
The details
Using lineage tracing and GeneTrajectory analysis, the study mapped how endothelial cells shift into other identities, such as smooth muscle-like or adipocyte-like cells, in the presence of plaque. The researchers identified that female mice showed higher rates of transition toward smooth muscle-like states, while males were more prone to transitions toward adipocyte-like states. Genes including Klf2 and Creb5 were found to play a role in these cell fate decisions during the development of atherosclerosis.
Timeline
October 26, 2026: The research findings were published.
Health Landscape
This study contributes to the expanding effort to characterize the vascular microenvironment in atherosclerosis. By identifying sex-specific cellular behaviors, it adds nuance to the long-standing model of how plaque evolves within the arterial wall.
This preclinical research into mouse models does not change current clinical treatment or immediate screening recommendations. Patients managing cardiovascular risk should continue to prioritize evidence-based lifestyle habits and regular heart health discussions with their primary physician.
The takeaway
The research highlights that cellular transitions within the aorta are influenced by biological sex, offering a new perspective on how vascular plaques develop. While this study is limited to mice, it underscores the importance of ongoing research into how diverse cell states drive cardiovascular disease.
Further reading
For more information on the biological mechanisms of chronic illness, visit the Diseases — General section.
Source note: This article includes information reported by Nature.
